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Faience and Glass Beads from the Late Bronze Age Shipwreck at Uluburun - MA thesis, Biżuteria, koraliki
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]FAIENCE AND GLASS BEADS FROM THE
LATE BRONZE AGE SHIPWRECK AT ULUBURUN
A Thesis
by
REBECCA SUZANNE INGRAM
Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of
Texas A&M University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF ARTS
May 2005
Major Subject: Anthropology
FAIENCE AND GLASS BEADS FROM THE
LATE BRONZE AGE SHIPWRECK AT ULUBURUN
A Thesis
by
REBECCA SUZANNE INGRAM
Submitted to Texas A&M University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF ARTS
Approved as to style and content by:
_______________________________
Cemal M. Pulak
(Chair of Committee)
_______________________________
Shelley Wachsmann
(Member)
_______________________________
Christoph Konrad
(Member)
_______________________________
David L. Carlson
(Head of Department)
May 2005
Major Subject: Anthropology
iii
ABSTRACT
Faience and Glass Beads from the
Late Bronze Age Shipwreck at Uluburun. (May 2005)
Rebecca Suzanne Ingram, B.S., Biola University
Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Cemal M. Pulak
Beads are one of the earliest forms of ornamentation created by humans; prized
during the Bronze Age for both their aesthetic as well as amuletic value, beads also
served to signify the social status of the wearer. Beads functioned as an important trade
commodity during the Late Bronze Age, as demonstrated by their abundance aboard the
Uluburun shipwreck. This Late Bronze Age shipwreck, discovered off the Turkish coast
at Uluburun in 1982, dates to approximately 1300 B.C. Thousands of beads of vitreous
material were found on the shipwreck, including approximately 75,000 faience beads
and 9,500 glass beads.
Bead form and style represented in the faience and glass beads at Uluburun are
relatively simple and are quite common at archaeological sites throughout the Late
Bronze Age Levant. Faience beads found at Uluburun vary widely in form and comprise
eight distinct categories. While the surface glaze remains in rare patches only, most
faience beads exhibit a blue undertone. Other colors, while less common, include red,
yellow, white and turquoise. The glass beads found at Uluburun may be loosely grouped
into two categories, small and large. Many of the large glass beads exhibit yellow and
white spot or crumb decoration, or a combination of both, and there is a distinct
iv
possibility that all the large glass beads were decorated in this way, but surface
deterioration masks the decoration.
Many of the faience and glass bead categories represent items of cargo, as
evidenced by a concreted lump of small glass beads transported inside a Canaanite jar.
Other, less prolific, bead categories probably represent the personal belongings of the
crew or passengers aboard the ship.
Beads found in archaeological contexts are notoriously difficult to date due to
their extended use throughout generations; for this reason, the Uluburun beads represent
an important contribution to the archaeological record and bead studies in particular, for
the mere fact that they may be dated by provenance alone to the late 14
th
century B.C.
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to acknowledge the many people who provided help and encouragement
as I worked on this project. First and foremost, I wish to thank my parents, Barbara and
James, and my sister, Christina, who have supported me in so many ways. Also, this
thesis could not have been completed without the support, encouragement, and humor
provided by numerous fellow students, especially Carrie Sowden, who always had
advice and encouragement to share, and Blanca Rodriguez Mendoza, who acted as my
thesis representative.
I am indebted to Dr. Helen Dewolf and Bilge Güneúdo÷du, who assisted through
instruction and constructive criticism on artifact drawing; to Don Frey, who shared
advice in the difficult task of bead photography; to Kathy Hall and the entire Institute of
Nautical Archaeology Conservation Laboratory staff in Bodrum, Turkey, who provided
access to pertinent database records and assistance when needed; and to Dr. Shelley
Wachsmann and Dr. C. Wayne Smith, who shared advice and support throughout the
research and writing process. Thank you also to the staff of both the Microscopy and
Imaging Center and Interlibrary Loan Services at Texas A&M University.
Finally, special thanks to Dr. Cemal Pulak, who not only allowed me the
privilege of working with these artifacts, but provided constant support, constructive
criticism, and the resources necessary to complete this study.
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
