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Fotorezystor, - fizyka, wikipedia artykuły
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]Fotorezystor
1
Fotorezystor
Fotorezystor
(fotoopornik, fotoelement oporowy,
opornik fotoelektryczny) jest elementem
czułym.
Jego
zmienia się pod wpływem padającego
i nie zależy od kierunku przyłożonego
podobnie jak rezystancja zwykłego
Symbol fotorezystora
Oświetlenie fotorezystora powoduje zwiększenie
przepływającego prądu (zmniejsza się jego rezystancja).
będący różnicą całkowitego prądu płynącego przez
fotorezystor i prądu ciemnego (prąd płynący przez
fotorezystor przy braku oświetlenia) nazywamy prądem
fotoelektrycznym. Jego wartość zależy od natężenia
oświetlenia i jest określona zależnością.
Ze względu na dużą czułość i prosty układ pomiarowy,
fotorezystory wykorzystuje się do:
•
temperatury poprzez pomiar natężenia
promieniowania,
•
ostrzegania w systemach przeciwpożarowych,
•
wykrywania zanieczyszczeń rzek i zbiorników
wodnych,
•
detekcji strat ciepła przez izolację termiczną
budynków.
Zalety fotorezystora
•
działania,
•
niska cena,
•
duża obciążalność prądowa.
Wady fotorezystora
•
wrażliwość na
•
dość duża bezwładność
ową.
Parametry fotorezystora:
•
czułość widmowa
–
zależność rezystancji od natężenia oświetlenia. Na wartość czułości
wpływa rodzaj
i sposób jego domieszkowania
–
dobieranie ze względu na
przeznaczenie fotorezystora.
•
rezystancja fotorezystora
•
współczynnik n określany jako stosunek rezystancji przy danej wartości natężenia
oświetlenia
n=RD/R50
gdzie:
RD
–
rezystancja ciemna
R50
–
rezystancja przy natężeniu oświetleniu równym 50 lx.
Fotorezystory wykonuje się najczęściej w postaci cienkich
wych warstw
monokrystalicznych lub polikrystalicznych naniesionych izolacyjne np. szklane podłoże .
Fotorezystor
2
Materiał światłoczuły rozdzielają dwie metalowe elektrody mające wyprowadzenia.
Elektrody te często mają kształt grzebieniowy. Nad powierzchnią światłoczułą umieszcza
się okienko i zamyka w obudowie, chroniącej przed uszkodzeniami, a niekiedy
umożliwiającej pracę w obniżonej temperaturze (
).
Fotorezystory wykonuje się z materiałów półprzewodnikowych takich jak: CdS, CdSe, CdTe,
PbS, PbSe, jak również z półprzewodników trójskładnikowych np. tellurku kadmowo
rtęciowego CdHgTe. Od materiału półprzewodnikowego zależy zakres widmowy lS1, lS2
wykrywanego promieniowania, czyli zakres długości fal, dla którego czułość fotorezystora
wynosi nie mniej niż 10% czułości maksymalnej.
Dla światła widzialnego fotorezystory wykonuje się z :
,
,
Dla podczerwieni :
Zobacz też
•
•
•
Fotorezystor
3
Article Sources and Contributors
Fotorezystor
Source
:
Contributors
:
Aegis Maelstrom, Berasategui, Chrumps, CommonsDelinker,
Kocio, Maciek987, Mpfiz, Opera, Roo72, Stanmar, Stepa, Stok, Superborsuk, Tsca, Vindicator, Wiher, 18 anonimowe edycje
Fotorezystor
4
Źródła, licencje i autorzy grafiki
Plik:Light-dependent resistor schematic symbol.svg
Source
:
License
:
Public Domain
Contributors
:
User:Bdesham
Plik:LDR.jpg
Source
:
License
:
Public Domain
Contributors
:
Bemoeial1, Jelte
Licencja
5
Licencja
Version 1.2, November 2002
Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0.
PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should
come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any
textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose
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