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From Biotechnology to Genome, biologia
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]BIOTECHNO~OGY
FROM
GENOME$
The Meanin
j
Oi
To
The Double Hdk
The
Meanng
Oi
PHlLlPPE
GOUJON
Universite' Catholique de
lille
France
World Scientific
Singapore. New Jersey. London Hong Kong
The
Double
~
hrhlished
by
\&
orld ScientificPublishing
C
o
Pte
Ltd
P
OBox 128.Fanei Road. Singqnre912805
LTS
1
ofice
Suite
IB,
l060Maiii Street. Riverbdge NJ 07661
UK
ofice
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Shelton
Street, Lovent (Jarden, London
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9IIE
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A
cataloguerecord for this book is available from the British Library.
FROM BIOTECHNOLOGY TO GENOMES
The Meaning of the Double IIelix
Copyright0 2001 bj7 World ScicntificPublishing Co
Ptc
Ltd
111
righfc recenurl. Thic hook, orpartc thereoj
may
rtof he reproduced in
anyform
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ISBN
981-02-4328-6
Printed
in
Singaporeby Mainland Press
~ptent
tiow krtonvt
or to
be
inecrtterl,
without u~ri~etiperwi~~iott
front
the
Pablidter.
Foreword
At the time of writing this foreword (June
1998),
the genome of
15
unicellular
species have been completely sequenced and made available to the scientific
community: ten
Eubacteria,
four
Archaebacteria
and yeast, thc only
eucaryotic cell
so
far.
During the last three years, the amino acid sequences from over
35,000
proteins uiicoded by these genomes have been deciphered. More than 10,OOO
proteins thus unveiled have an unknown fLinction and are members of new
protein families yet to be identified. The sequence of each new bactcrial
genome (with the possible exception of
E.
coli)
provides the microbiologist
with a huge amount
of
fi-esh metabolic infomation, far
in
excess
of
that
already in existence.
A
surprisinglylarge biochemical diversity in the bacterial
world has been revealed. If over a million bacterial species exist, of which
only approximately 3,000 have
so
far been cultured, then the enormous task
of identifying the bacterial world through the sequencing of its geiiomes is
still to be accomplished. Dozens of sequencing centers (rapidly expanding
to become hundreds in number) all over the world are undertaking this task,
which will result in the discovery of thousands
of
new proteins. These
figures do, however, call into question the exploitation of this data.
Each one
of
these bacterial genonies forins a tier of biotechnological
information, the exploitation of which will create new catalysts, hopefiilly
inore efficient and more specific, but less detrimental to the environment
than most of the chemical processes currently in use. When the plant and
animal kingdoms have been fully exploited by the human race, the
domestication of a still largely-unexplored and immense world will remain
-
that of the
Eubacterial
and
Archebacterial
kingdoms.
V
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